Back Нацыянал-сацыялістычны блэк-метал Byelorussian Националсоциалистически блек метъл Bulgarian Nacionálněsocialistický black metal Czech NSBM Danish National Socialist Black Metal German Εθνικοσοσιαλιστικό Μπλακ Μέταλ Greek Black Metal Nacional Socialista Spanish Natsionaalsotsialistlik black metal Estonian Kansallissosialistinen black metal Finnish National socialist black metal French
| National Socialist black metal | |
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| Stylistic origins | |
| Cultural origins | 1990s, Europe |
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| Neo-Nazism |
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National Socialist black metal (also known as NSBM, Nazi black metal, or radical black metal) is a political movement within the black metal music scene that promotes neo-Nazism, neo-fascism, and white supremacist ideologies.[1] NSBM artists typically combine neo-Nazi imagery and ideology with ethnic European paganism, Satanism, or Nazi occultism, or a combination thereof, and vehemently oppose Christianity, Islam and Judaism from a racialist viewpoint. NSBM is not seen as a distinct genre, but as a völkisch movement within black metal. According to Mattias Gardell, NSBM musicians see this ideology as "a logical extension of the political and spiritual dissidence inherent in black metal".[2]
NSBM artists do not always explicitly express their political beliefs in their music, instead, they express their beliefs offstage.[3] Artists who hold far-right or white nationalist beliefs but do not express them in their music are not considered NSBM artists by artists who participate in the greater black metal scene, but they may be considered NSBM artists by outside analysts.[4] Some black metal bands have also made references to Nazi Germany purely for shock value, much like some punk rock and heavy metal bands. While some black-metallers boycott NSBM artists, many are indifferent or claim to appreciate the music without supporting the musicians.[5]
The emergence of NSBM coincided with the rise of the early Norwegian black metal scene in the early 1990s, particularly through the band Burzum, whose sole member, Varg Vikernes, developed his anti-Christian beliefs into an increasingly white nationalist and neo-Nazi form of Heathenry. The German band Absurd further developed the burgeoning scene with explicitly neo-Nazi lyrics and artistic themes. The United States bands Judas Iscariot and Grand Belial's Key also became involved in the by-now international NSBM movement (the former has since distanced themselves from the movement). As the movement grew internationally, it started to overlap with existing white power musical forms such as Rock Against Communism, hatecore, and the far-right faction of Oi!. The neo-Nazi record label Resistance Records started releasing NSBM recordings and even purchased Vikernes' label Cymophane Records. The associated United States political organization National Alliance white supremacist William Luther Pierce also became interested in the movement, and assisted Absurd frontman Hendrik Möbus when he fled to the United States to avoid arrest in Germany. In 2012, the NSBM Asgardsrei festival was established in Moscow, Russia, and then in 2014 relocated to Kyiv, Ukraine.
- ^ Buesnel, Ryan David (November 2020). "National Socialist Black Metal: a case study in the longevity of far-right ideologies in heavy metal subcultures". Patterns of Prejudice. 54 (3): 393–408. doi:10.1080/0031322X.2020.1800987. S2CID 229466327 – via ResearchGate.
- ^ Mattias Gardell, Gods of the Blood (2003), p.307
- ^ Dyck, Kirsten (2016). Reichsrock: The International Web of White-Power and Neo-Nazi Hate Music. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. pp. 58–61. ISBN 9780813574738. Retrieved January 9, 2017.
- ^ "Rechtes Neuheiden-Festival mit Nazi-Runen im "SO 36"" (in German). BIFFF ...
- ^ Olson 2008, p. 99.